Knowledge and Use of Contraception and STI Prevention Methods Among Women of Reproductive Age in Punjab, Pakistan

Abstract

Background: This study evaluates contraceptive knowledge and usage patterns among married women in Punjab, specifically analyzing barrier method utilization and Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) prevention to guide public health policy.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted over six months (October 2022–March 2023) across diverse health facilities in Punjab, Pakistan. A sample of 396 women was recruited via convenience sampling from urban and rural primary and secondary care centers in both public and private sectors. Ethical approval was granted by the University of Health Sciences, Lahore.

Results: The majority of participants were aged 31–45 years (49.5%) and had completed high school (75.5%). Although over 50% possessed awareness of contraceptives—primarily condoms and oral pills—actual uptake of modern methods remained low. Condoms were the most frequently used modern method, yet a prevailing preference for traditional methods was observed. Overall satisfaction was moderate (30.3%). Key barriers to adoption included the desire for pregnancy, spousal opposition, and fear of side effects.

Conclusion: The study reveals suboptimal adoption of modern contraceptives despite adequate awareness, with a continued reliance on traditional methods. Moderate satisfaction suggests critical gaps in service delivery. Strategies addressing accessibility, affordability, and spousal dynamics are required to enhance reproductive health outcomes.